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What Is a Car Body Made Of

The automotive aluminum alloy market is expanding rapidly, mainly due to the automotive industry's urgent shift to efficiency and sustainability. The aluminum alloy sheets currently used for car body mainly include 5000 series and 6000 series, and common alloy grades include 5052, 5754, 5182, 6061, 6016, 6014, and 6101.

Nowadays, most car wheels are made of bending 6061 aluminum. 6061-O aluminum sheet has good extrusion formability, and the finished product has high hardness and strength after quenching. It meets the requirements of lightweight and high strength of high-end wheel hubs, and the formed aluminum products are beautiful and elegant, leading the development trend of the industry.

The common alloys of 6061 aluminum alloy are T6 and T651. Generally speaking, the internal stress of T6 is relatively large, and it will deform during processing. Therefore, the most suitable state for processing is T651. The T651 state is stretched on the basis of T6 to eliminate internal stress. It is a high-quality aluminum alloy product that has undergone heat treatment and pre-stretching process.

The mechanical properties of 6101 aluminum sheet mainly depend on the state of the alloy (i.e., aged or annealed), the heat treatment process, and the specific alloy composition.

In general, the mechanical properties of 6101 aluminum alloy can be summarized as follows:

- Yield strength (YS): usually between 150 MPa and 240 MPa, depending on the heat treatment state and alloy composition.

- Tensile strength (UTS): generally between 230 MPa and 280 MPa, also depending on the specific treatment state.

- Elongation: usually between 12% and 20%, indicating the alloy's ability to deform during stretching.

- Hardness: The hardness ranges from 50 HRB to 70 HRB, which varies under different heat treatment states.

The chemical composition of 6101 aluminum alloy mainly includes the following elements:

- Aluminum (Al): about 98% or more, it is the main component of the alloy, providing the basic properties and characteristics of the alloy.

- Magnesium (Mg): 0.6-1.0%, used to improve the strength and hardness of the alloy, and is also beneficial to the heat treatment process.

- Silicon (Si): 0.6-1.1%, which helps to improve the rheological properties and corrosion resistance of the alloy.

- Iron (Fe): less than 0.7%, a common impurity element, has little effect on the performance of the alloy.

Other possible trace elements include copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), etc., whose content is usually very low and is only added to adjust the specific properties of the alloy.


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